The Is Not The Only Accusation Made By God Against Israel...

Idolatry was not the only accusation made by God against Israel and Judah. Corruption had become the norm for the priest, leaders, businessmen, and common man alike. The people of these nations cared only about what they had and wanted. They would lie, cheat, steal, and even kill to get what they wanted. Their priests would only teach if they were paid. God gave the priests a position of trust and responsibility to be the caretakers of the people. They were supposed to be the shepherds, not the oppressors, of God’s people. Instead, they turned their backs on God’s law and began selling themselves for money, power, and approval while they hid behind the appearance of righteousness. God warned them that all of the wealth and possessions they had prostituted themselves to get would once again be used to buy other prostitutes. This statement may be confusing to some so look at what God is saying. The people of Israel sold their integrity, morals, and beliefs for pleasure, popularity, and personal gain. God is now telling them that all of these things will be taken from them and Satan will use them to lure other people into the same type of prostitution. God’s warnings and accusations that are recorded in the books of the Major and Minor Prophets are not just for these ancient Kingdoms. They apply to our world today. If we focus on His accusations of evil and not the people or nations that these prophets warned, we can see the same rebellion and wickedness in ourShow MoreRelatedThe Old Testament : What Are The Fundamental Teachings This Amazing Story?1493 Words   |  6 Pageskey theme that can be seen throughout. Notably, it is that despite our many sins God s desires a personal relationship with his people. So how did it all begin? Well as it reads God created the heavens and the earth. He created every living thing that is in the universe and he created man, male and female did he create them. And he placed Adam and Eve in a garden and gave them everything that they needed only stimulating that they could not eat from the tree in the center of the garden, theRead MoreReading The Old Testament Prophets1045 Words   |  5 Pages informs the reader of Gods judgment and salvation. Isaiah focuses on the salvation that will come through the Messiah. It was the prophet Isaiah’s desire that those who heard and read his words would be convicted and turn away from evil and turn their life over to God for forgiveness and healing. In regards to Isaiah 1:1-19 it is about Israel’s condition and God’s solution to it. The judgment from God had come upon the people of Judah because they had sinned against Him. His judgment wouldRead MoreChristian Crusades And The Spanish Inquisition Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconquest of Canaan was an act of divine cruelty. I can see this accusation being leveled due to the Christian Crusades, which began in 1095 and showed no love of God nor adherence to God’s commands. The formation of the Spanish Inquisition, which began in 1478, and led the inquisitors to believe that their gruesome actions actually saved Jews from their fate awaiting them in the afterlife; since the Jews were dying at the hands of God s children, their eternal spirits would be altered by the knowledgeRead MoreThe Book of Obadiah 2812 Words   |  11 PagesThis brief book of the Hebrew Bible is very significant in that it is one of only two of the Minor Prophetic books that are add ressed entirely to a nation other than Israel and Judah. The Book of Obadiah deals with the ancient feud between Israel and the nation of Edom, between the descendants of Jacob and those of his brother Esau. Through the prophet Obadiah, the Lord expressed His indignation at the nation of Edom. When they should have been helping their relatives, they were gloating overRead MoreThe Prophet Amos and the Zimbabwean Context9884 Words   |  40 Pagesmovement, where ecstasy, which has been cited by many scholars as illustrating the borrowed phenomenon, has been replaced or fundamentally undermined by a more rationalistic approach to problems bedevilling Israel. Amos, it can be argued, seems to have inaugurated a movement of rationalist who made sense out of the word of Yahweh. It is in this light that a critical analysis of the book of Amos will reveal even the relevance of Amos’ thought patterns to the Africans and Zimbabweans in particular. InRead MoreThe Debate Of Wisdom Lit erature2468 Words   |  10 Pagesthis is an orderly made cosmos and ultimately all injustices will be turned to good. Proverbs, written in its final form in the third century B.C. is a collection of aphorisms and poems within the relationship between wisdom, righteousness and religious devotion. In tone and form wisdom literature differs from divine revelation and is grounded in observation of and human reflection upon experience. Furthermore, unlike the laws of the Pentateuch, which were proposed in coming from God, and unlike theRead MoreGod Is Great5462 Words   |  22 Pagesstudy will have as much impact in your life as it has had in mine. Part 1: The Sin The story begins in 2 Samuel 11:1: 1 Then it happened in the spring, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab and his servants with him and all Israel, and they destroyed the sons of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. At the very root of Davids problems, we find a king who wasnt where he belonged. If David had been out in the battlefield, where the king was supposed to beRead More A Report on Esther Essay2850 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Throughout time, people have attempted to destroy the nation of Israel, the â€Å"apple of God’s eye.† It was because from the Jews, came the covenants, promises, the law, and the messiah—the savior of the world. God’s chosen people are the enemy of Satan, the prince of this world, and the conflict started back in Genesis 3:15. While a remnant from Judah returned to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, other Jews remained in the cities of their captivity. Some were welcomedRead MoreReligious Education School Based Assessment2145 Words   |  9 PagesMoses since he was not only one of the greatest advocates for black repatriation in the Western World but also since he prophetically introduced and announced the coming of the Messiah. When the early Rastas heard of the crowing of King  Selassie - they knew that Marcuss prophecy was fulfilled.   Early Rastafarians were not accepted by the Jamaican population at large. They were looked at as dirty and grimy men that lived in the hills and used drugs, mainly Ganja, spoke against the government and believedRead Morewhy people backslide13805 Words   |  56 Pageswho has fallen into a particular sin for a time, has backslidden. However, this is a misuse of the term as found in Scripture. Scripture never uses the term of a believer. It is only used in the sense of apostasy, which is turning aside from God and the way in which He commands us to walk, following after other gods. It is not used in reference to one who has, for a time, fallen into sin, but of one who has fallen away and forsaken Him entirely. You have forsaken me says the Lord, you

Fascism The Rise Of Fascism - 1733 Words

Fascism is a difficult Ideology to define as it has common elements such as powerful leaders and strong elements of Nationalism. To understand the rise of Fascism in Germany it is essential to understand the impact of the First World War on every aspect of German economic, social and political life. The Weimar republic faced significant challenges not the least that it was associated with defeat and the Treaty of Versailles which was exploited by Hitler in his use of propaganda. The chaotic conditions, the weakness of its opponents and the collusion of elites terrified of communism all played a role in the rise of Fascism. The historian Kevin Passmore has pointed out that arriving at a definition of fascism is difficult largely due to â€Å"the contradictory nature of fascism† and the fact that fascists â€Å"disagreed amongst themselves about the very essence of their movement.† (Passmore, 2002, pg30) He explains that ideological perspective affects definition and that these perspectives must be considered by those seeking a comprehensive definition (Passmore, 2002, pg23). To Passmore â€Å"Fascism is a set of ideologies and practices that seeks to place the nation, defined in exclusive biological, cultural and/or historical terms above all sources of loyalty and to create a mobilized national community† (Passmore, 2002, pg31). He explains that while fascist nationalism is reactionary due to its hatred of socialism and feminism it is also a movement of the radical right because of itsShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Interwar Fascism1389 Words   |  6 PagesDid the rise of interwar fa scism have more to do with the personalities of the leaders or the historical circumstances of the 1920s and the 1930s? Adolf Hitler’s fascist Nazi party is one of the most resounding memories of the 20th Century. Nazi symbols still conjure images of horror and evil over 70 years after they spread across Europe. In the 1928 German Federal election the Nazi’s polled 810,127 votes, just 2.6% of the total votes. By the 1932 election this number had jumped sharply to 13,765Read MoreThe Rise of Fascism in Nazi Germany882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rise of Fascism in Nazi Germany After the end of World War 1 (WW1), Germany was in charge of taking full responsibility for the money lost, the mass destruction, and the lives that were killed. This greatly hindered the German economy, which brought the whole country down. German soldiers returning home from the war could not get the supplies they needed to survive and turned to fascism. Not too long after WW1, the whole world went into a great depression, which alsoRead MoreThe Rise of Mussolini and Italian Fascism2014 Words   |  9 Pagesexploration of 20th century fascism between the wars, Payne (1995) described Mussolini as the most liberal of the totalitarian personalities that dominated that period. Perhaps this was a vestige of his earlier involvement with revolutionary socialism, or a reflection from his early years. Yet, the fact remains that Mussolini, along with Hitler, was an architect of fascism and of the policies that led to World War II. The intention in the following pages is to explore Mussolini s rise to power, includingRead MoreThe Rise Of Fascism During The 20th Century1381 Words   |  6 PagesFascism was a big idea in the 20th century, especially in Europe. Benito Mussolini was the first known fascist because of his control and ideology of governing Italy in the 1920s. Adolf Hitler was also a very well-known fascist for his control of Germany in the 1930s to the end of World War II. The rise of fascism started in Europe when Mussolini rose to power and conquered Italy. Years later, many people throughout Europe also tried to conquer countries, following in Mussolini’s footsteps. AdolfRead MoreThe Rise Of Fascism During World War I Essay920 Words   |  4 Pages Fascism, before its rise to power in 1922, was an amorphous collection of often contradictory influences, ideologies, and backgrounds. World War I provided ties between the hyper-masculine and hyper-violent ideals of the movement. The growth of Fascism was slow immediately after the war, but that time was when many of the institutions of Fascism were founded. After 1919 through 1922 Fascism grew even more, but contradictions remained. R.J.B Bosworth argues in his book, Mussolini’s Italy: LifeRead MoreThe Rise Of Fascism During Nazi Germany And Germany1623 Words   |  7 PagesFOLIO – YOUTH MOVEMENTS The first topic of the semester will explore the rise of Fascism in Nazi Germany and the methods by which citizens of Germany and Austria were influenced to join in Nazi ideology and policies or to resist them. In this assessment, you need to research the influence of the different individuals and organisations who either supported or resisted the Nazi Government. You will need to prepare a response to the question: â€Å"What was the impact of individuals/groups within NaziRead MoreCauses in the Rise of Italian Fascism: 1870 to 1922 Essay2980 Words   |  12 Pagesinterest with it, or, as Massimo DAzeglio so eloquently put it: We have made Italy, now we must make Italians... (Lintner, 2001, p.172) This task was to prove so difficult for the Liberal state that it would actually fail, leaving room for the rise of Fascism in the 1920s and to its chokehold on the country for the following 20 years. 2. The Early Years of the Liberal State: the Right, Depretis, Crispi and Giolitti The backwardness of the nation was manifest. Post-unification Italy was mostlyRead MoreDifferent Ideologies From The Rise Of Fascism And The Marxist Revolution Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the course time of people have had vigorous debate over the type of government implemented and how different people should be governed within a society. We have seen huge variants in ideologies from the rise of fascism in Europe and to the Marxist revolution. We, as in Americans, are lucky enough to live in a time and in a form of democracy where people are able to have a say in what they expect the government to do for them. Since the birth of this country until now we have had plentyRead MoreThe Rise of Fascism Due More to the Personality of Mussolini than the Failures of Liberal Italy1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise of Fascism Due More to the Personality of Mussolini than the Failures of Liberal Italy In 1922, Mussolini became the prime minister of Italy. This meant the end of Liberal Italy, and the rise of Fascism. Mussolini managed to do this because of his incredible personality, one which helped him be an excellent politician. On the other hand, Liberal Italy failed to fulfill national expectancy, also helping in the rise of Mussolini. The question here is which of theRead MoreThe Fascist Leader in Germany1151 Words   |  5 Pages Fascism was around approximately forty years. From 1921-1943, Mussolini was the Fascist leader in Italy and Hitler was the Fascist leader in Germany. Many people thought Fascism could improve their countries because the leaders who stepped up to power, promised great improvements. They also convinced the citizens that they had nothing more to worry about. When Fascist leaders were brought to power, they promised the people their lives would be better and their country would be saved. Fascism

Statement of Advice

Question: Provide a list of your recommendations for strategies to meet the clients objectives and to address any concerns. Answer: Strategy 1: Predictable Investment Income I have the following recommendation for Sarah and Peter to consider. Under this category, in which they can have investments in stocks and bonds and the incomes from the following heads Dividend Income Interest Income High Yield Investments This section should outline what the actual strategy being recommended is, with a brief outline of that strategy to assist the clients in understanding how it works. Strategy 2: Guaranteed Investment Income For the first time investors like Sarah and Peter, this is the safest way for planning for their secured retired life. As is evident from the name, investments under this category are found to be guaranteed. This proves to be satisfactory for first time investors as such guarantees always come with a backing of the government. Hence, first time investors making investments in government bonds, securities or in insurance companies stand the chance of a secured and guaranteed returns. Other guaranteed and equally secure investments are Annuity Plans, Certificates of Deposit and Treasury Securities. During my long experience I have also found the following to be effective - Super Funds and Social Security Schemes, provided the investor is availing them from a young age and is consistently contributing to them all through the working life, so that their full benefits can be reaped by them after their retirement. More detail relating to advantages and risks are to be completed in the following sections. With the changing times and the fast paced changes which are happening in the lifestyle of investors, combined with their tendency of opting for retirement at the traditional age of 60 years, the criteria for allocation of investment structure has also undergone a substantial change. As I have discussed in the strategy explained above, investors such as Sarah and Peter, are becoming interested in the fluctuating mode available in investments, as this offers a quick and accessible method for withdrawal of funds and also offers the investors with options of making changes in their income inputs so that it suits their demands. Why is my advice appropriate for you? The reasons for recommending the strategies above are: Each of the strategies listed above should be noted in the left hand column. The right hand column should contain the explanation. Add additional rows as required to ensure all strategies are covered. Strategy Why this is appropriate Strategy 1 Although safe, it is not as productive as Strategy-2. Strategy 2 This strategy is more productive and flexible. Does my advice have any risks or disadvantages? Unfortunately taking on any new strategy involves some level of risk. To take on these recommendations, the following risks have been considered: Each of the strategies listed above should be noted in the left hand column. The right hand column should contain the explanation. Add additional rows as required to ensure all strategies are covered. Strategy Risks/Disadvantages Strategy 1 The couple get income from the interest and dividend given by the offering company. In case of an economic downturn, this income can be reduced and under severe circumstances, can even be totally lost. Strategy 2 These investments are backed by the governments and even in case of an economic downturn, there are no chances of any loss of income or complete loss of investments. What alternative strategies were considered? In deciding upon making the above recommendations, the following alternative strategies were considered, but dismissed: Alternative Strategy Reason for dismissal Strategy 1 This strategy could be dismissed by the couple because of their demand of wanting a stable and regular income. Strategy 2 There is no reason to dismiss or ignore this strategy as it fully meets the desired results of the couple and also offers their next generation the security of investments as well as a steady and regular source of income. Consequences of replacing one financial product with another These recommendations include the transfer of existing benefits. A consequence of this will be that fees and charges can occur. To ensure these are full taken into account, please consider the comparison provided below: Include a table that gives a comparison of any products that you have recommended be transferred or replaced as a part of your recommendations. This should provide detail of any: Exit or transfer fees; Entry fees; Current vs. proposed ongoing administration fees and other costs; The loss of any benefit that currently is in place Any other significant consequences (CGT, insurance loadings, etc.) This comparison should conclude with a statement outlining why your recommendations are superior to the clients current arrangements and how they are in the clients best interest. There are no suggestions to be made to Sarah and Peter for replacements or transfers for products as they are first time investors and have never made investments in the market led investment portfolios. Moreover, the couple has been, so far, only making contributions to super funds and in this direction I would definitely recommend to them to consider the option of starting their own SELF-MANAGED SUPERANNUATION FUND (SMSF), which they can jointly float as trustees and make their daughter Christine and their grand-daughter Beth as the beneficiaries. The biggest apprehension shown by both Sarah and Peter is about their gambling-addicted son-in-law, with whom their grand-daughter is very mush attached. The couple fear that their son-in-law can take advantage of this weakness and may try to extract money from Christine after he finds that she has access to the large legacy left by Sarah and Peter. But in case the couple starts the SMSF, and makes Christine and Beth as the beneficiaries of the income from SMSF, then the son-in-law cannot have access to the funds because even Christine will not have access to the funds of the SMSF as per the rules governing the SMSFs are laid out. Outcomes and other information In this section outline the outcomes from your recommendations whether you project the clients goals to be achieved, how you have addressed the issues you identified, etc. This section should also be used to provide detail in relation to information that was requested, or to elaborate on why certain strategies they may have raised were not used (e.g. legislative restrictions, lack of funding, etc.) Ongoing review service Outline here the ongoing service you wish to offer to the clients to review the plan that you have put into place. This should include: The need for the service Features of what your service provides How often reviews will take place The cost of this service and how payable Section 3: What else you need to know This section: Tells you about any fees that I will receive; Explains what product fees you will pay; and Answers other questions you might have about my advice. Please also make sure you have read the Financial Services Guide (FSG) I have provided, and be sure to ask me any questions you might have in relation to any of this. What are my fees? My fee for the preparation of this advice is $3,000 (including GST). Where you have recommended any investments and charged a portion of the lump sum as part of your initial or ongoing remuneration please include the following table: Investment Initial/Upfront remuneration Ongoing remuneration $ % $ % $ Total $ $ Include the following table if you are receiving commissions from life insurance policy recommendations as part of your remuneration Insurance Policy Annual Premium Initial Commission Ongoing Commission % $ % $ Total $ $ Conflict of interest Please note that the following payments will be made and are directly related to having provided you with this advice: Provide detail of payments received from any source, as well as any payments you will make to other parties. Remember that a payment to an associated company must be disclosed as a conflict, even where the planning business does not directly receive the benefit (e.g. payment to the accountancy practice under which the planning business operates). What product fees will I pay? Provide details of the costs within any of the products that are recommended. These can include: Set-up costs (trust deed, lodgement fees, etc.) Brokerage Indirect Cost Ratios (ICRs)/Management Expense Ratios (MERs) Where these fees are amounts based on a percentage of any investment, include a table outlining the percentage and dollar amounts based on the current value recommended. What steps do I take next? Provide a table that outlines each step required to implement your recommendations. This should detail: What each step is; Who is responsible for each step; and When each step is to be completed by. Other questions you might have Am I restricted to an approved product list? As an adviser of Pinnacle Financial Services Network I have access to a range of financial products that has been researched by my licensee. These products have all met rigorous scrutiny from the investment committee after being rated by an un-conflicted research body. If there is a specific product you would like a recommendation on please let me know and I will arrange for its review by these sources. If approved we can then include it as part of the recommendations Does my advice have a time limit? Yes, my advice should be revisited if it is not implemented within 28 days of the date on the cover of this SOA. Is your information protected? Yes. Your information is stored and not given to any party outside Pinnacle Financial Services Network unless the law says that we must. Disclaimer No warranty as to correctness is given and no liability is accepted for any error, or omission, or any loss, which may arise from relying on this data. Every effort has been made to assure the highest reasonable degree of accuracy in your financial plan. However, due to the dynamic nature of our economic and tax environments, no guarantees or assurances can be given regarding the profitability or tax benefits of any investment. This plan is only as accurate as the information on which it was based. If the data originally supplied to us is incorrect or incomplete, the plan will reflect these inaccuracies, and these errors will project into the future at a magnified rate. Certain assumptions made by us, or you, may also limit the accuracy of the data. Where tax benefits are illustrated, they are based on the best information currently available. Various proposals are made from time to time to change the tax laws, and it seems probable that many of our current tax laws will undergo changes during the years illustrated in this financial plan. Some of these proposals, if enacted, might have a serious adverse effect on tax consequences of some of the investment strategies proposed. On the other hand, some proposals may significantly enhance your position if enacted. Authority to Proceed We, Sarah Parsons and Peter Parsons, having read the Statement of Advice dated DATE and prepared by ADVISER NAME acknowledge: The information provided in this document is accurate and reflects my/our current circumstances; I/We understand and agree that the risk profile recommended meets our concerns and requirements; That the recommendations given in this Statement of Advice meet our needs and objectives as stated in this document; That the recommendations given are based on legislation current at the time of making these recommendations; That because legislation is subject to change these recommendations should be reviewed if not implemented within 28 days from the date on the cover of this SOA; I/We understand that the recommendations made in this Statement of Advice are for our use only and should not be passed on as recommendations suitable to other parties; That if the recommendations made in this Statement of Advice, unless implemented in full as described may not meet the desired outcomes stated as the goals and objectives described; and That where a referral has been given to another party to seek recommendation for investment and personal insurances, any recommendation made by that party is not the recommendation of ADVISER NAME. We agree with the recommendation and give authority to commence establishment. We agree with the recommendations in part and will advise you in writing which strategies we wish to have implemented. We do not agree with the recommendation and do not wish to proceed with implementation. Member 1: Sarah Parsons Date Member 2: Peter Parsons Date Adviser Name Date

Institutional Accountability Dispersion of Power and Delegation of Responsibilities

Introduction Governance and accountability is a critical concept to the development of states. Accountability in governance is a vital practice. It encourages effectiveness in discharge of duties and equitable allocation of resources. Accountability in different institutions has a close link with the way power is distributed in organizations. The loci of power in institutions are useful parameters for assessing the level of accountability in the organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Accountability: Dispersion of Power and Delegation of Responsibilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decentralization of power is highly encouraged in most liberal democracies across the world. Decentralization of power is manifested in a number of managerial practices in institutions like the delegation of the organization’s duties and responsibilities (Brinkerhoff et al. 2009). This paper looks into the aspects of centralization and decentralization of power in different institutions and how these two aspects of governance encourage accountability. In this paper, it is argued that institutions’ accountability is better attained through dispersion of power and the delegation of the organization’s responsibilities rather than through centralization of power and control. Accountable governance in liberal democracies Having mentioned liberal democracies, it is imperative to explain how the distribution of power encourages accountability in such nations. One vital characteristic of liberal democracies in the today’s world is the high decentralization of power. Power and ability to make decisions in such countries do not lie in the hands of some individuals. Liberal states’ decisions are made through consultations between different arms of the government. This means that different arms of the government discuss, consult with each other and deliberate on th e issues before the final decision is reached (Ezzamel et al. 2007). Decisions reached through consultation and deliberations are better weighed than those that are made unilaterally. Different bodies which deliberate on the issues and come up with certain suggestions are also involved in the implementation of such decisions (Brinkerhoff et al. 2009). Therefore, there is a low possibility of manipulating decisions in the middle phases of implementation. This encourages checks, ensuring that there is a balance in the implementation process. It is easy to detect anomalies in the implementation of the decisions because of the many observers monitoring the process.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Up to this point, it is imperative to say that liberal democracies encourage institutions’ accountability. Powers are decentralized from the top governance, leaving institutions with no o ther option, but to implement such structures (Mulgan,2003). Having talked about liberal democracies, it is vital to mention autocratic governance. Autocratic governance is the least desired form government in the modern society. Autocracy means the centralization of power. A few individuals are vested with decision making power, leaving other people as mere enforcers of the decisions reached. Channels of deliberating on issues are closed making most people rubber-stamp these decisions. The quality of decisions is put in jeopardy. Therefore, the level of accountability is often low in regimes which do not embrace democracy (Trechsel,2010). Governance and accountability in decentralized institutions Research shows that most people in the world are against the centralized system of governance. There are several reasons for the resentment. One of the strongest reasons is that centralized governance kills institutional accountability through the encouragement of unilateral decision maki ng (Ezzamel et al. 2007). In centralized governance, there is one locus of power. Institutional functions are coordinated from a single point. In some instances, all the powers to make key decisions are left under the control of one individual. The result of this is that one person takes advantage of the power to make certain decisions, which might not be favourable to the whole country/institution (Kaler,2002). A deep look into the modern practices of institutional management shows that most organizations embrace decentralized structure of management. Delegation of authority and responsibility can be traced in a wider range of institutions. This is one form of decentralizing power and encouraging sharing of organizational power and responsibilities. This practice is replicated at almost all levels of governance in countries that embrace democracy. Notable examples can be traced in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia (Curtin, Mair Papadopoulos, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Accountability: Dispersion of Power and Delegation of Responsibilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are the benchmark regions in as far as institution’s accountability is concerned. The question that should be asked is how the decentralization of power and delegation of responsibilities contributes to a higher accountability. Another issue that should be discussed at this point is how the centralization of power and responsibilities kills institutional accountability. These questions can be sufficiently answered by taking a deeper look into institution’s administration from two perspectives – centralized and decentralized governance (Schillemanns, 2008). Decentralized institutional governance: its role in bringing about accountability Steets (2010) observed that institutional accountability was often measured by the level at which institutions planed and assigned resources effectively in order to get the desired results. Accountability means that employees in an institution embrace ethics in their work (Shearer, 2002). The application of decentralized principles in organizations entails the redistribution of authority in institutions’ management. In such institutions, power is shared among different people. Therefore, decisions are not made by a single authority. Each department is given powers to come up with their own suggestions that may be efficient. Each section of an organization has a head who leads it in coming up with decisions and implementing them using the available resources. Perhaps, one point should be noted here. Decentralized authority does not mean that there is no centre of power. Numerous centres of power exist within an organization. However, each centre of power is given autonomy in a number of duties. This is where the aspect of responsibility starts. Leaders of departments work closely with the organi zation’s members. Institutional workers keep close checks on each other and on the overall duties that are assigned to them (Kaler,2002). Organizational tasks are not left in the hands of a few individuals but distributed among other segments of the organization. Leaving the task of decision making to fewer people has numerous consequences on institutions’ administration. One of the effects is that centralization of authority and responsibility causes flooding. Flooding encourages haphazardness in the discharge of institutional duties.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such situations, it is easy for an institution to attain improved performance. In delegation, institutional responsibilities are assigned to people across the institution in such a way that no person is left with a wide load of work. This exercise depends on the abilities and skills of the institution’s workers. Therefore, it is easy to narrow on a person whenever anomalies occur in the institution. However, anomalies rarely occur because every individual is involved in the institution’s production. Institutions are seen in terms of their ability to serve the society and not in terms of power and dominance (Hood,2010). Power is a minor element in situations where there is a higher delegation of duties and responsibilities. In other words, power is replaced by responsibility. People work hard to accomplish their tasks as they are responsible for any task assigned to them. Most organizations in liberal democracies thrive in the global economy due to high levels of per formance. The highest level of performance comes from the fact that there is a high level of organizational responsibility due to delegation of duties and responsibilities (Steets, 2010). According to Behn (2001), a number of people argue that accountability can still be attained in institutions that have centralized operations. Their argument is that centralization promotes bureaucracy, which in turn encourages accountability in institutions. While there is some weight in the argument, the biggest portion of the argument is refuted. This comes from the numerous study outcomes. Those results show that bureaucracy does not encourage accountability. Most functions in bureaucratic institutions are centralized. Delegation of responsibility is a rare practice in such institutions. Conclusion Institutional accountability is closely associated with decentralized systems of governance. This system of governance is synonymous with liberal democracies. Liberal democracies encourage the decent ralization of power and delegation of administrative responsibility. Most institutions in liberal democracies embrace the democratic principles of management. These principles include delegation of institutional power and responsibilities. This system governance is synonymous with autocratic regimes. In such regimes, institutions’ accountability is quite low due to the failure to enhance delegation of authorities. Institution’s power is also highly centralized. From this discussion, it is imperative to say that there is a close relation between decentralization of institutions’ power and attainment of institutions’ accountability. Reference List Behn, R D 2001, Rethinking democratic accountability, Brookings Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. Brinkerhoff, D W, Johnson, R W, Hill, R, Merrill, S, Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute Army War College (U.S.) 2009, Guide to rebuilding governance in stability operations: A role for the military, Army War College, U.S. Curtin, D, Mair, P Papadopoulos, Y 2010, Accountability and European Governance, Routledge, New York. Ezzamel, M, Robson, K, Stapleton, P McLean, C 2007, ‘Discourse and institutional change: ‘Giving accounts’ and accountability’, Management Accounting Research, vol. 18, no. 2, 150-171. Hood, C 2010, â€Å"Accountability and Transparency: Siamese Twins, Matching Parts, Awkward Couple?†,West European Politics, vol. 33 no. 5, 989-1009. Kaler, J 2002, â€Å"Responsibility, accountability and governance†, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 11 no. 4, 327-334. Mulgan, R G 2003, Holding power to account: Accountability in modern democracies, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Schillemanns, T 2008, â€Å"Accountability in the Shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of Agencies†, Public Organization Review, vol. 8 no. 2, 175-194. Shearer, T 2002, â€Å"Ethics and Accountability: From the For-Itself to the For-the-O ther†, Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 27 no 6, 541-573. Steets, J 2010,Accountability in public policy partnerships, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Trechsel, A H 2010, â€Å"Reflexive Accountability and Direct Democracy†, West European Politics, vol. 33 no. 5, 1050–1064. This essay on Institutional Accountability: Dispersion of Power and Delegation of Responsibilities was written and submitted by user Maya Pierce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.